… kdr (‘knock-down resistance’) mutations, with all three mutations … To determine the allelic
frequency dynamic in the absence … -I pyrethroids, probably due to cross-resistance to DDT used …

… % of homes purchase pyrethroid insecticides to use at … (Colombia and Peru), phenotypically
resistant populations of Anopheles have shown low frequency or absence of kdr mutations […

… In the absence of a vaccine available for these arboviruses, … ) mutations causing knockdown
resistance [19]. In the … , in populations resistant to pyrethroids and DDT in Colombia [24]. All …

… mutations on the voltage-dependent sodium channel gene para, which is the target site for
pyrethroids and DDT, or by mutations … An important limitation of the current study is the lack of …

… aegypti from Colombia, with frequencies ranging from 0.06 to … mutations with the pyrethroid
and DDT resistance phenotype. … Verde due to the almost complete absence of mutant alleles. …

… , including knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations on the voltage… distribution indicates the
absence of mutant alleles in 2000, … background levels of pyrethroid and DDT resistance in many …

… of knockdown mutations and behavioral plasticity in … As evidenced in the present study, there
is a complete lack of … border with Costa Rica and Colombia), and the general public to link …

… Absence of knockdown mutations in pyrethroid and DDT resistant populations of the main
malaria vectors in Colombia. Malar J 18: 384. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] …

… responsible for pyrethroid resistance into populations sampled from … The result of this study
showed that DDT resistance … by Leucine in the absence of any kdr mutations. Results showed …

… In addition to conferring pyrethroid/DDT resistance, it was … but more likely, GSTs in the absence
of kdr as seen in An. funestus [37]. … This study has shown that knockdown of GSTes in An. …